China’s ecommerce industry is the largest in the world, with some estimates placing it at three times the size of the United States and responsible for approximately 50 percent of all spending on retail apps.
Part of this is due to China’s enormous mobile population, with approximately 975 million smartphone users in the country. That is about 300 million ahead of the nearest country, India, and more than three times the size of the United States.
It is also due to how established shopping on mobile is in China, in comparison to other countries. In China, over 50 percent of all retail sales come through mobile, by comparison less than 15 percent of retail is mobile in the United States and less than five percent in India.
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Like most app industries in China, domestic players control almost all of the market. Alibaba, through its marketplaces Taobao and Tmall, is the largest ecommerce company by merchandise volume in the world. In 2022, it was responsible for $1.3 trillion of sales.
Other competitors include JD.com, which competes with Tmall and is more of b2c marketplace. JD.com generates more revenue than Alibaba, due to its large first-party marketplace, while Alibaba has a far larger third-party marketplaces in which it takes a smaller commission.
Pinduoduo has upset the balance of the duopoly in the past few years, with its direct-to-consumer marketplace platform. One of the key product categories which push Pinduoduo mainstream was fruits and vegetables, which could be bought on the app direct from the farmer.
Live commerce is massive in China, with ByteDance’s Douyin, Kuaishou, and Alibaba’s Taobao Live competing for users. This new form of commerce has been pushed by Douyin’s sister app, TikTok, outside of China, but has not seem the same level of success.
We have collected data and statistics on China’s ecommerce market. Read on below to find out more.
Key China Ecommerce App Statistics
- JD and Alibaba are in a two horse race on revenue generated from ecommerce sales, with JD ahead in 2022 at $151 billion
- Alibaba has a much higher merchandise volume than the others. It is the only ecommerce company in the world to have over $1 trillion volume
- Alibaba had the most app users when combining both Taobao and Tmall, but Pinduoduo was the most used ecommerce app in China
Retail App Report 2023
Want to learn more about the retail app industry? In our Retail App report, we cover financials, market share, usage, downloads and demographics, with regional and country level breakdowns.
Top China Ecommerce Apps
| App Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Alibaba | The largest ecommerce company by merchandise volume, generating $1.3 trillion GMV primarily through Taobao and Tmall |
| JD | While far behind Alibaba in volume, JD is the largest ecommerce platform in China by revenue |
| Pinduoduo | Responsible for the shift in China's ecommerce market towards direct-to-consumer business over the past five years |
| Douyin | China's TikTok, which has a thriving live commerce platform responsible for billions in merchandise sales |
| Vipshop | An ecommerce platform focused on discount and flash deals, serving about 50 million customers |
| Suning | One of the oldest ecommerce platforms in China, which has seen its fortunes decline as Alibaba grew in the 2010s |
| Xiaohongshu | Called 'China's Instagram', similar to Douyin it offers live commerce services which are very popular in the country |
China Ecommerce App Revenue
In terms of revenue, China’s ecommerce apps are in a two horse race, with Alibaba and JD grabbing the vast majority of it.
China ecommerce revenue by app 2022 ($bn)
Alibaba Revenue
Alibaba annual revenue declined by 1.2% in 2022 to $127.8 billion. It’s the first time Alibaba’s annual revenue has declined.
Alibaba annual revenue 2014 to 2022 ($bn)
| Year | Revenue ($bn) |
|---|---|
| 2014 | 11.4 |
| 2015 | 14.8 |
| 2016 | 21.4 |
| 2017 | 34 |
| 2018 | 51.5 |
| 2019 | 70.4 |
| 2020 | 94.4 |
| 2021 | 129.4 |
| 2022 | 127.8 |
Source: Company data
JD Revenue
JD revenue increased by 1.5% in 2022 to $151.6 billion. As most of its revenue comes from its first-party marketplace, it is able to generate far more revenue than Alibaba on lower volume.
JD annual revenue 2012 to 2022 ($bn)
| Year | Revenue ($bn) |
|---|---|
| 2012 | 6.7 |
| 2013 | 11.4 |
| 2014 | 18.5 |
| 2015 | 27.9 |
| 2016 | 37.4 |
| 2017 | 55.6 |
| 2018 | 67.1 |
| 2019 | 82.8 |
| 2020 | 114.2 |
| 2021 | 149.3 |
| 2022 | 151.6 |
Source: Company data
Pinduoduo Revenue
Pinduoduo annual revenue increased by 28.5% in 2022 to $18.9 billion.
Pinduoduo annual revenue 2017 to 2022 ($bn)
| Year | Revenue ($bn) |
|---|---|
| 2017 | 0.2 |
| 2018 | 1.9 |
| 2019 | 4.3 |
| 2020 | 9.1 |
| 2021 | 14.7 |
| 2022 | 18.9 |
Source: Company data
China Ecommerce App GMV
Alibaba is the largest ecommerce company by merchandise volume in the world, surpassing Amazon and Walmart.
China ecommerce gross merchandise volume by app 2022 ($bn)
Alibaba GMV
Alibaba generated $1.3 trillion merchandise volume across all of its domestic and international ecommerce channels.
Alibaba annual gross merchandise volume 2015 to 2022 ($bn)
| Year | GMV ($bn) |
|---|---|
| 2015 | 394 |
| 2016 | 485 |
| 2017 | 547 |
| 2018 | 768 |
| 2019 | 853 |
| 2020 | 945 |
| 2021 | 1191 |
| 2022 | 1312 |
Source: Company data
JD GMV
JD hit $500 billion merchandise volume in 2022, a 5% increase on the previous year.
JD annual gross merchandise volume 2016 to 2022 ($bn)
| Year | GMV ($bn) |
|---|---|
| 2016 | 94 |
| 2017 | 183 |
| 2018 | 234 |
| 2019 | 288 |
| 2020 | 376 |
| 2021 | 474 |
| 2022 | 500 |
Source: Company data
Pinduoduo GMV
Pinduoduo has almost reached the same level of merchandise volume as JD, while making less than 20% of JD’s revenue.
Pinduoduo annual gross merchandise volume 2018 to 2022 ($bn)
| Year | GMV ($bn) |
|---|---|
| 2018 | 68 |
| 2019 | 144 |
| 2020 | 262 |
| 2021 | 383 |
| 2022 | 465 |
Source: Company data
China Ecommerce App Users
Alibaba has the most users across both of its domestic platforms, Taobao and Tmall. Pinduoduo is getting close to surpassing it.
China ecommerce app users 2022 (mm)
Alibaba Users
Alibaba had over 900 million active buyers on its two domestic ecommerce apps. Taobao is the more popular of the two.
Alibaba annual app users 2014 to 2022 (mm)
| Year | Users (mm) |
|---|---|
| 2014 | 163 |
| 2015 | 289 |
| 2016 | 423 |
| 2017 | 507 |
| 2018 | 552 |
| 2019 | 654 |
| 2020 | 726 |
| 2021 | 811 |
| 2022 | 903 |
Source: Company data
JD Users
JD had 580 million active users in 2022, a 1.9% increase on the previous year. It is the company’s slowest annual user growth.
JD annual app users 2014 to 2022 (mm)
| Year | Users (mm) |
|---|---|
| 2014 | 90 |
| 2015 | 155 |
| 2016 | 226 |
| 2017 | 292 |
| 2018 | 305 |
| 2019 | 362 |
| 2020 | 471 |
| 2021 | 569 |
| 2022 | 580 |
Pinduoduo Users
Pinduoduo had 882 million active shoppers in 2022. It has grown its users by 263% in six years.
Pinduoduo annual app users 2014 to 2022 (mm)
| Year | Users (mm) |
|---|---|
| 2017 | 244 |
| 2018 | 418 |
| 2019 | 585 |
| 2020 | 788 |
| 2021 | 868 |
| 2022 | 882 |
More Shopping App Data
- Shein Revenue and Usage Statistics (2023)
- Wish Revenue and Usage Statistics (2023)
- ASOS Revenue and Usage Statistics (2023)
- Ecommerce App Revenue and Usage Statistics (2023)
- Meesho Revenue and Usage Statistics (2023)
- Wayfair Revenue and Usage Statistics (2023)
- Etsy Revenue and Usage Statistics (2023)
- Temu Revenue and Usage Statistics (2023)
- Pinterest Revenue and Usage Statistics (2023)
- Vinted Revenue and Usage Statistics (2023)
